UZM.DR. ÖZGÜR TARHAN
We mainly work on gynecological anesthesia and plastic surgery.
What is General Anesthesia?
General anesthesia, provides temporary sleep and a state of numbness in the patient with the help of drugs, and provides a healthy, comfortable and safe surgical procedure. During this period, the patient loses consciousness and reflexes, the patient does not feel pain. Anesthesia occurs with intravenous and/or respiratory drugs.
In general anesthesia:
You will be taken to the operating room and at this time;
1. ECG monitor electrodes will be attached to your body to assess the condition of your heart,
2. Your vein will be entered with a special needle to administer serum and medication,
3. A device that shows the oxygenation of the blood will be attached to your finger,
4. A sphygmomanometer will be attached to your arm.
Afterwards, one or more of the anesthesia methods described in detail below, which are the safest for you, will be applied. Your vital functions will be constantly monitored during your surgery. Drug administration and arrangements will be made when necessary. All procedures will be recorded in the "Anesthesia Follow-up Form".
• The patient is quickly put into sleep by administering various liquid anesthetic substances through the vascular access.
• Once it enters the dormant state, it is no longer able to breathe on its own. At this point, the anesthesiologist has to provide the patient's breathing through the devices.
• With muscle relaxant drugs, other muscles in the patient's body except the heart are paralyzed (paralyzed). The purpose of this is to facilitate the surgeon's access to the organs to be operated.
• After the muscle relaxant drugs are applied, a tube is placed in the patient's trachea. This is one of the most important duties of the anesthesiologist. The anesthesia machine performs the breathing for the patient. Anesthetic substances that are vaporized in a controlled manner are introduced into the breathing air. Thus, the patient's sleep state is maintained until the end of the operation.
Are sleep and anesthesia the same thing?
“Sleep and anesthesia look similar, but they are not the same thing. Because while awakening from sleep with any audible or painful warning, it is not possible to wake up from anesthesia without the initiative of the anesthesiologist. As long as the administration of anesthetic drugs continues, the majority of patients remain unresponsive to painful procedures called sleep.
What is Spinal Anesthesia?
It is a type of anesthesia applied only in cesarean delivery. A medicine is given from the waist to ensure that the birth is painless and only the lower part of the waist is anesthetized. Due to the similarity of the method, it is often confused with epidural anesthesia.
What is the difference between epidural anesthesia and spinal anesthesia?
- In both anesthesia methods, the waist down is anesthetized and there is a state of alertness.
- In epidural anesthesia, the drug is injected outside the membrane around the spinal cord. In spinal anesthesia, medication is given to the fluid in the membrane.
- In epidural anesthesia, numbness begins after 10-15 minutes. In spinal anesthesia, the feeling of numbness starts within 1-2 minutes.
- Spinal anesthesia can be applied only once, it is not possible to extend the period. In epidural anesthesia, the drug can be given again to prolong the numbness. For this reason, there is a catheter in the waist of the expectant mother. Additional doses can be given through this catheter if deemed necessary during surgery.
- Epidural anesthesia can be preferred in cesarean section and normal delivery. However, spinal anesthesia can only be used for cesarean delivery.
Approval of spinal anesthesiasituations
- herniated disc to have had the surgery
- Infection in and around the waist
- Some skin diseases
- Having a clotting problem
Does spinal anesthesia have side effects?
Headache, low back and back pain are common side effects. Before deciding on spinal anesthesia, a physician should be consulted and a decision should be made together.
What should be considered after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia?
- Take plenty of fluids
- Bed rest should be done for 1-2 days, this period is determined as recommended by the physician.
- Avoid movements that force the waist
- Painkillers recommended by the physician can be used after the feeling of numbness has passed.
What is Epidural Anesthesia?
Pain and touch sensations in our body, nerve transmissions in the relevant limbs first to the spinal cord; It is then felt through the spinal cord and transmitted to the brain. Nervous tissues in the brain and spinal cord; It is surrounded by three different types of membrane tissue called the meninges. These membranes are called the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater, respectively, from the inside out. Between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater is the cerebrospinal fluid with various properties and functions. The meninges have various functions, especially the protection and support of nerve tissues.
In certain surgical operations; If the area to be operated on is a limited area and it will be sufficient to apply anesthesia only to this area, general anesthesia, which means the whole body is anesthetized, is not preferred. Instead of; Depending on the type and size of the operation, either limited anesthesia of the operation area is provided (local anesthesia) or one half of the body is temporarily anaesthetized. This is done by injecting anesthetic substances into the spaces between the meninges.
Each anesthetic application has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as the risk of causing certain side effects. Additional diseases and special conditions of the patient are also factors that affect the final decision in the selection of anesthesia method. In this regard, there are conditions in which epidural anesthesia is preferred over other methods.
The interventions in which epidural anesthesia is used most frequently are normal birth and cesarean section operations. Some expectant mothers; may prefer epidural anesthesia to have a painless normal delivery, to stay awake during cesarean section or to avoid general anesthesia. epidural anesthesia; While it eliminates the pain and pain felt during childbirth, it does not prevent the occurrence of uterine contractions. In this way, the expectant mother can give birth more easily.
As with any anesthetic intervention, there are various risks that epidural anesthesia presents. In this regard, a comprehensive evaluation is made by the physician before the application of anesthesia, and the patient's suitability for anesthesia is examined. It is not appropriate to administer epidural anesthesia in patients with the following characteristics:
People with bleeding disorders or taking blood thinners
Those who have an infection in the area where epidural anesthesia will be applied
Those who are allergic to drugs used in anesthesia
Those who have had surgery in the lower back area
In patients who do not have these features and for whom appropriate surgical procedures are planned, epidural anesthesia can be performed with the approval and supervision of a physician.
NERVE BLOCKAGE
Nerve blocks, one of the most widely used methods in pain treatment, are also one of the most effective methods. It is critical to break the vicious cycle of pain spasm seen in most spine and joint diseases. For example; frozen shoulder the pain in someone with the disorder is sometimes so severe that they feel severe pain even when you touch the patient's arm. It stiffens your arm and doesn't allow you to move it. Therefore, in such patients physiotheraphyTrying to open the lever with cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ increases the contraction even more, contraction increases pain and the vicious cycle continues. However, if the patient's pain is relieved first and then physical therapy is started, this pain-spasm vicious cycle will disappear and the patient will respond to physical therapy and stretching exercises.
WHAT IS REANIMATION?
EndThe method used to normalize degrees damaged or temporarily suspended vital functions is called "reanimation". Respiratory, circulatory or renal failure; Reanimation methods are urgently needed in metabolic diseases with advanced biochemical diseases.